Species

Balsa

Balsa (Ochroma pyramidale) is an extremely light, soft tropical hardwood best known for its high strength-to-weight ratio. It’s widely used for model making, flotation, and as lightweight core material (e.g., sandwich panels), but it has very low natural durability and poor fastener-holding, so it’s generally not used for structural outdoor joinery without special design and protection.

Class 5 durability
2.6 T/R ratio

Handling & safety. Reported to cause skin irritation in some people (severe reactions uncommon).

Properties

Latin name Ochroma pyramidale
Species type Hardwood
Origin Tropical regions of the Americas; also grown on plantations.
Janka hardness 300 N
Modulus of rupture 19.6 MPa
Elastic modulus 3.71 GPa
Crushing strength 11.6 MPa
Specific gravity 0.15
Porosity Diffuse-porous
Movement class Very low
Tangential shrinkage 6%
Radial shrinkage 2.3%
Volumetric shrinkage 8.5%
T/R ratio 2.6
Durability (EN 350) Class 5
Relative cost Budget

Density and mechanical properties are typical values at around 12% moisture content. Shrinkage figures represent total dimensional change from fibre saturation to oven dry. Individual boards vary.

Working the timber

Very easy to machine with minimal dulling, but can develop fuzzy surfaces with dull cutters. Poor nail/screw holding; glue joints are preferred. Takes stain/finish well but can soak up a lot of finish on first coats.

Finishing & gluing

Stains and finishes well, but tends to absorb a lot of finish initially—plan for sealing/extra coats.

Generally glues well; glue is preferred over mechanical fasteners due to poor fastener-holding.

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